Benign proliferation of fibroblasts and multinucleated giant cells (osteoclastic) occurring almost always in the jaws

Peripheral giant cell granuloma

• Gingival overgrowth
• Multinucleated giant cells

• Etiology:
  • Trauma
  • Chronic irritation
  • Not by hormones/drug

• Location:
  • Exclusively gingival
  • Size < 2cm

• Clinical:
  • Pedunculated/ sessile swelling – various size
  • Dark red colour
  • Typically ulcerated

• Radiograph:
  • Saucerization/ spooning
  • Superficial erosion of alveolar bone

• Histology: 
  • Foci of multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells
  • in cellular, richly vascular stroma of plump spindle shaped cells
  • Hyperplastic fibroblasts

• Management: 
  • Surgical excision
  • Full mouth scaling
  • Underlying bone curetted

• Recurrence: Some, no malignant potential

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Central giant cell granuloma

Called central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) if it lies within the jaw bone

Common sites: Mand > max, ant > post

Radiology: Poorly defined radiolucency.

Histology: Fibroblastic matrix + variable numbers and sizes of giant cells.

Management: Excision + calcitonin (osteoblast inhibitor)

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